“Iron triangle” Essay

â€Å"Iron triangle† is a term used by political scientists to describe the policy-making relationship between the legislature, the bureaucracy, and interest groups. The term iron triangle has been widely used by political scientists outside the United States and is today an accepted term in the field. In the United States, bureaucratic power is exercised in the Congress, and particularly in congressional committees and subcommittees. By aligning itself with selected constituencies, an agency may be able to affect policy outcomes directly in these committees and subcommittees. This is where an iron triangle may manifest itself. These are the powerful interests groups that influence Congressional votes in their favour and can guarantee the re-election of a member of Congress in return for supporting their programs. At another corner sit members of Congress who also seek to align themselves with a constituency for political and electoral support. These congressional members support legislation that advances the interest group’s agenda. Occupying the third corner of the triangle are bureaucrats, who are often pressured by the same powerful interest groups their agency is designated to regulate. The result is a three-way, stable alliance that is sometimes called a subgovernment because of its durability, impregnability, and power to determine policy. Consumers are often left out in the cold by this arrangement. An iron triangle can result in the passing of very narrow, pork-barrel policies that benefit a small segment of the population. The interests of the agency’s constituency (the interest groups) are met, while the needs of consumers (which may be the general public) are passed over. That public administration may result in benefiting a small segment of the public in this way may be viewed as problematic for the popular concept of democracy if the general welfare of all citizens is sacrificed for very specific interests. This is especially so if the legislation passed neglects or reverses the original purpose for which the agency was established. On the other hand, lobbyists also helped the consumer and the general public as well. Since the consumer and the general public are usually less educated, unorganized and lacks financial resources, the lobbyist and interest groups represent them in some ways. A public good is something from which everybody benefits. People cannot be excluded from enjoying the good just because they didn’t pay for it. If an interest group is successful in lobbying for laws that will improve the air quality, for example, everyone who breathes that air will benefit, whehter they paid for the lobbying effort or not. Despite the bad reputation earned by interest groups through the years there are several advantages to their existence. Interest groups help bridge the gap between the citizens and the government and enable citizens to explain their views on policies to public officials. They also help raise public awareness and inspire action on various issues. They often provide public officials with specialized and detailed information that might be difficult to obtain otherwise. This information may be useful in making policy choices. Interest groups serve as a check on public officials to make sure that they are carrying out their duties and responsibilities. Bibliography: Edward I Sidlow, Beth Henschen. America at Odds, Thomson Wadsworth, 2005. ISBN 0534647596 Gordon Adams. The Iron Triangle: The Politics of Defense Contracting, Council on Economic Priorities, New York, 1981. ISBN: 0-87-871012-4 Jack H. Knott, Gary J. Miller; Reforming Bureaucracy; Prentice-Hall; ISBN 0-13-770090-3 (1st edition, 1987) Francis E. Rourke; Bureaucracy, Politics, and Public Policy; Harpercollins; ISBN 0-673-39475-1 (3rd edition, 1984) Iron Triangle Retrieved March 06, 2007, from â€Å"http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Iron_triangle†.

Coca-Cola Company

Strategic planning determines where an organization is going over the next year or more, how it's going to get there and how it'll know if it got there or not. The focus of a strategic plan is usually on the entire organization, while the focus of a business plan is usually on a particular product, service or program. There are a variety of perspectives, models and approaches used in strategic planning. The way that a strategic plan is developed depends on the nature of the organization's leadership, culture of the organization, complexity of the organization's environment, size of the organization and expertise of planners. Coca-Cola Company My organisation is ‘Coca-Cola’ and my organisation make strategic plans by their mission statement: ‘To refresh the world – in mind, body and spirit, To inspire moments of optimism – through our brands and actions, To create value and make a difference everywhere we engage’, their value statement: ‘Our shared values that we are guided by are: Leadership, Passion, Integrity, Accountability, Collaboration, Innovation and Quality’, their aims and objectives: The aim and objective of Coca-Cola Enterprises is ‘to be the best beverage sales and customer service company’. To them ‘best' means being the number one or second brand in every category in which they compete, being their customers most valued supplier and establishing a winning and inclusive culture corporate values and aims – meeting stakeholders expectations. Their organisational structure ensures that all the people of the same skills are grouped together; the main advantage of this type of management is that it allows the members of the team to share any information more freely across boundaries which would otherwise have existed. This type of organisational structure is called a matrix structure and it primarily helps Coca Cola company to achieve their aims and objectives because they’re able to cross section information from different departments of the company, so for example if they’re not selling their beverages so well then they can communicate with the managers to either take them off stock or reduce the price for a bit whilst more customers are attracted to it. This can be attained by their structure. Today, the intelligent organisation recognises that its own future well-being is, to a certain extent, dependent on the well-being of the communities within which it operates at a local, national and global level. It is important that investments which take place in the community, in terms of education, the environment, training, art and cultural institutions and many other causes are carefully thought through throughout the company. Decisions related to corporate citizenship are rather more difficult than the traditional business decisions which managers are used to making. Clear aims and objectives need to be established which fit well with an organisation's corporate values and aims. The intelligent organisation today takes these issues seriously and seeks to design careful, flexible, comprehensive strategies to guide their decisions. Organisations such as The Coca-Cola Company therefore have established strategies for corporate citizenship. Coca-Cola's strategy recognises that the well-being of communities is inextricably linked to the well-being of the business environment. A healthy business climate cannot co-exist for long with an ailing social environment. Strengthening both is therefore a goal for Coca-Cola. Coca-Cola is planning to increase international distribution and target international consumers with Japanese customers by maintaining a consistent strategy overseas, this structure helps the business to achieve their overall purpose and aims by making them more popular throughout more countries and promote them. This then makes more people aware of them and so a lot of their products are sold out more recently. Their organisational structure also helps them to achieve their purpose and aims as the structure allows all the employees to communicate with each other and so allows them to come out with more ideas as a whole group. Marks and Spencer’s company Marks and Spencer’s is my other organisation and the structure of the organisation and the strategic planning helps each business including the Marks and Spencer’s business organisations achieve their overall purpose and aims. There are many ways in which the business organisations do to accomplish this: their vision statement- ‘Our Vision’: To be the standard against which all others are measured. Their mission statement- ‘Our Mission’: To make aspirational quality accessible to all. Their value’s statement- ‘Our Values’: Quality, value, service, innovation and trust. Whether we're working at home or abroad, within our own stores or in partnership with our franchisees, our Vision, Mission and Values remain the same. Ensuring we meet our customers' needs with appealing, superior quality products at attractive prices’ and their aim’s and objectives- ‘Our aims and objectives’: To make money for the shareholders, and improve profit margins wherever possible. They do this by- Designing appealing products for its customers, innovating products and selling at prices that their customers are prepared to pay. The organisational structure for Marks and Spencer’s displays the hierarchy design, which shows how the people included rank from most important to least important. This type of structure is a functional structure and is useful for relatively large companies. Employees within the functional structure are differentiated to perform a specialized set of tasks. This helps Marks and Spencer’s to achieve their aims and objectives as for instance the marketing department would only be staffed with marketers responsible for the marketing of the Masks and Spencer’s products. The structure also helps this company to achieve it’s aims and objectives because as a result it does end up making money for the shareholders and can improve profit margins wherever possible by knowing who’s in charge of who, and who are the most important people for the job, which can make the decisions if needed to either reduce stock or raise stock as they’d be experienced. They have a commitment called ‘Plan A' which is all about environmental issues within the business. Things like, not sending waste to landfill and cutting carbon emissions. Although this is a good thing, it is mainly to improve its image and again, encourage people to shop with them. ‘We launched Plan A in January 2007, setting out 100 commitments to achieve in 5 years. We've now extended Plan A to 180 commitments to achieve by 2015, with the ultimate goal of becoming the world's most sustainable major retailer’. This is Marks and Spencer’s strategic planning and they will achieve this by working with their customers and suppliers to combat climate change, reduce waste, use sustainable raw materials, trade ethically, and help their customers to lead healthier lifestyles Marks and Spencer’s are currently providing their customers with food and cloth services and they are aiming to continue investing in and grow with providing service to their retail business. They are now introducing new clothing items for all ages and gender. This will help them meet their long term objective of growing and investigating within the UK retails. The cascading of goals and objectives should be motiving the entire workforce. The employees have to work together to implement the strategy and objectives and this also includes supporting organisations and to achieve a greater cascading of goals and objectives the organisations must try to enforce balance among its customer relationship, financial aspect and having better objectives to focus on the growth outlook.

Ethics Business Exam Essay

Define â€Å"ethics† as described in our textbook: Ethics refers to our efforts to figure out what we should do and how we should live. It involves the challenge of figuring out how to justify our behavior both to ourselves and others. 3 Who are the most important stakeholders in the following examples in our textbook? 1. Tylenol : Doctors, nurses, mothers, fathers and children. 2. Novo Nordisk : People with diabetes 3. GE Healthcare in India: Heath care providers 4. Merck: Members of society and to provide good to people in need around the world. . An employee is accused of altering a company’s financial ledgers. Upon questioning, the employee exclaims that he was only following the supervisor’s orders. The employee is using which justification for his unethical behavior? Distancing from responsibility 5. What are the 3 ways to avoid rationalizations? First the generalizability test; which states to make similar decision when confronted with similar issues. Next the publicity test; this test aims to make sure one can defend their reason, simply is it just and can it be defended. The last test is the reversibility test; this suggests putting one in another’s shoes. Do onto others as you would have done to you. 6. What are the 3 Decision Guidelines named in the textbook? 1. Stranded to conduct 2. From virtue ethics to character and relationships 3. Purposes and consequences 9. What are the 3 Levels of the Stakeholder Framework? 1. Value proposition of the organization 2. Principles of stakeholder cooperation 3. Respect for societal standers of conduct. 10. In the case study about Merck, for what disease were they asked to provide medication? River blindness 1. What are Kohlberg’s 6 Stages of Moral Development? 1. Pre-convectional – Punishment and obedience – individual instrument purpose and exchange. 2. Convectional – mutual Interpersonal expectations and relationships conformity – law and order orientation 3. Post- convectional – prior rights Social contact, utility – universal ethical principles 14. Tr ue or False: According to the Stakeholder Framework, the concerns of Shareholders are not important. False: But they should have a solid and defensible reason when they choose not to address a stakeholder 15. True or False: Bribery is acceptable when engaging in business in another country where it is commonly practiced. False: bribery is an unacceptable practice 16. Name 4 of DeGeorge’s 10 Principles for Cross Cultural Management. 1. Do no intentional harm. 2. Produce more good than harm for host. 3. Contribute to host development. 4. Respect human rights of employees. 17. In the video of ‘The Office†, what are 5 ethical issues portrayed? 1) Getting discount on paper for sexual acts. 2) Upper level management overlooked reason for discount paper 3) Stealing company time. ) Office manager blew off ethics training program. 5) Giving immunity and revoking it after the meeting is an ethics issue. 18. True or False: Enron was in the ice cream cone business. False: they sold energy. 19. What is the difference between primary and secondary stakeholders? Primary stakeholders are people and groups most affected by the outcome of the business actions. Value chain and definitiona l stakeholders. Secondary stakeholders are individuals or groups not directly affected by the outcome of business operations. Instrumental stakeholders.

Is There Still a Role for the Monarchy in Modern British Society Research Paper

Is There Still a Role for the Monarchy in Modern British Society - Research Paper Example Based on the evidence which is provided in this essay, it would seem that the general public view is that the monarchy is an outdated system of pageantry and ceremony which no longer has relevance in modern British society. In today’s closely-linked global community, nature by which certain ruling parties conduct political and foreign affairs seems to always be in the media spotlight. With the growth of international trade and with social access to multiple, global media mediums, the method by which international relationships are formed is always at the forefront of the social consciousness. One representative of BBC News cites how Australia views the British monarchy, citing the opinion of Senator Natasha Stott Despoja who states, â€Å"The monarchy is simply not relevant to modern Australia† (Grossman, 1999, p.2). This statement comes from a reputable political leader in Australia, a developed country with considerable influence in global trade and foreign relationships. This Senator’s opinion is based on the difficult history between Britain and Australia and the author believes that most Australian citizens are â€Å"unimpressed by the pageantry and tradition of the crown and resentful that it is a British face that stares out at them from their notes and coins† (Grossman, p.2). What is being suggested here is that the modern British monarchy still attempts to use their traditional links with Australia to justify routine criticism of how the country is managed and politically-operated. Clearly, in the view of Australians, the British monarchy is so obsessed with showiness and spectacle that it is unable to recognise the attempts of the Australian people to create their own international identity without any links to the crown.

The Downfall of the Tokugawa Shogunate Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6500 words

The Downfall of the Tokugawa Shogunate - Thesis Example Shogun had decided to close Japan to the West. However, forced by various situations, Tokugawa Shogun was pushed to terminate the directive and open Japan to the West. This was a definite sign that Shogun was irresolute.2 However, besides that there were numerous other reasons behind the collapse of the Tokugawa Shogun. The Shogun’s power and influence was weakening. The power of Shogun over a large number of Daimyo had already declined by 1862. Commodore Perry of the United States pushed Shogun to allow Western powers into Japan.3 The Emperor requested the presence of the Shogun to Kyoto in 1863 and compelled him to agree to an imperial directive to expel the Western powers from Japan. After a year, the Shogun was again sent for Kyoto, where he was forced to consent that sooner or later the Emperor would integrate the daimyo with their realm.4 The daimyos of Echzaw, Choshu, and Satsuma were also admitted as Imperial counselors. In 1866, the Emperor ordered the Shogun to chast ise Choshu but the Shogun himself was overpowered by Choshu. From then on internal problems emerged which led to internal conflicts and uprisings and finally on the 9th of November 1867 Shogun decided to leave his post.5 This was the end of the Tokugawa Shogunate and the launching of Meiji Restoration and Japan’s modernization. Throughout their regime Tokugawa Shoguns attempted to build and strengthen their own influence and authority. They exerted their greatest effort to keep the power in their hands. Unfortunately, they failed to do so. There were foreign intrusion and internal problems and conflicts which led to the gradual weakening of the Shoguns’ power. This brought about the eventual downfall. As argued by B.R. Chatterji, â€Å"Probably no contemporary European society was more civilized and polished. But it was not a living, growing organism. It had to change and its rules did not desire change.†6 (Chaurasla 16) The

Financial Reporting Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Financial Reporting - Assignment Example The strengths can also be analyzed by how well it is achieving its objectives or targets. However such comparisons have their drawbacks. Comparing Essex with other fire services is not a good indicator given the different circumstances and environments both fire services are operating. Operators received significant savings as projections. The fighters pension scheme also had significant results since the difference between the actual and estimate is +7,000,000.Generally the net operating expenditure did not suppress the estimates. We could also indicate the fact that the trading activities had their objectives clearly spelt. One of the objectives was to achieve an operating surplus to fund appropriations direct to service budgets to re-invest in new and, replacement equipment for the treading account or to provide an additional source of income to the service where possible. One of the major weaknesses of the budgetary process in Essex fire service is that reviewing programmes after estimates have been indicated in the budget means that the budget might not reflect the actual management plans. It is also at concern that the intended management structure is not consistent with the estimates set out in according to best value accounting code of practice. The estimates have been apportioned to enable the set up. Total operating income of 205 against projections of 965 is a case of considerable concern. ... One of the objectives was to achieve an operating surplus to fund appropriations direct to service budgets to re-invest in new and, replacement equipment for the treading account or to provide an additional source of income to the service where possible. Weaknesses One of the major weaknesses of the budgetary process in Essex fire service is that reviewing programmes after estimates have been indicated in the budget means that the budget might not reflect the actual management plans. It is also at concern that the intended management structure is not consistent with the estimates set out in according to best value accounting code of practice. The estimates have been apportioned to enable the set up. Total operating income of 205 against projections of 965 is a case of considerable concern. Such a discrepancy can affect the objectives of the budget drastically. Such an event is of considerable importance because it is a cash inflow. One of the objectives of engineering services is to get an operating surplus. Such an objective is not consistent with the broad objectives of the public sector services. By ensuring that ICTU courses are in line with Essex counting fire and rescue service policy and practice means that the company is reacting instead of being proactive. Its practices could be better suited than those of the policy. By setting estimates the Essex fire services might be restricting itself only to the projections and may fail to take advantage of existing solutions or the ground of the actual time. In as much as budget is a pointer of intentions for the year, it is bound to strengths and weaknesses. Budgets are just an indicator and room for adjustments should be made. Budgets only provide a framework and should not be relied on

The Long War Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Long War - Movie Review Example However, there may never have been any need for such surveillance in the first place if the US had never underestimated al-Qaeda and other terrorist organisations. The line of thought of the United States is that since there were not many al-Qaeda members, they constituted little or no threats, so shouldn’t be monitored so much. This held until al-Qaeda, through the September 11 attack, proved what they were capable of. There were many options that could have been explored by the United States but they explored hard power more than they explored soft power. The application of coercion has not led to a reduction in the number of terrorist organisations and their members; it has, on the other hand increased their number. Rather than continually use coercion, Mark Sageman, one of the panellists, thinks the US could have relied more on negotiation, law enforcement and some political mechanisms. It must also be mentioned that the US seems not to be well informed to know that the Ta liban is very much different from al-Qaeda. Sometimes, rather than wage war on al-Qaeda, war is waged on the Taliban. Actually, in the opinion of Lawrence Wright of the Centre for Law and Security, al-Qaeda is not the enemy, Taliban is. The US indirectly encourages the merging of the two.

How recruitment and selection are tied to strategic HRM Essay

How recruitment and selection are tied to strategic HRM - Essay Example The top management domains have long understood that if strategic HRM is properly instituted upon, there is no reason why there can be anything missing within the recruitment and selection quarters, and more so when the focus is on doing things in the most appropriate manner and bringing about value for the sake of the organization in the long term duration (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, & Wright 2009). However this is easier to suggest here because strategic HRM requires strict vigilance and control by the human resources management department and the top management within any organization. In essence, any organization would dearly require that its strategic HRM takes care of the recruitment and selection matters because this is an important provision of value and quality in the form of the employees who are inducted within the organization. Hence recruitment and selection regimes are very closely tied in with the strategic HRM aspects as discussed above. Works Cited Noe, Raymond, Holle nbeck, John, Gerhart, Barry & Wright, Patrick. Fundamentals of Human Resource Management (4th ed.). McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2009

Rhetorical Analysis Prompt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Rhetorical Analysis Prompt - Essay Example Certain logos, ethos and pathos, are the techniques used skillfully to state the author’s point and to convince the audiences. The author bases his argument upon the fact that there has not been a definite answer to what the relationship between the human mind and the physical world could be. He claims that people should start viewing their perspective of consciousness differently because they have been unable to link the human mind to the physical world. He says that perhaps people do not possess an inner feeling in the manner they think they do (Michael 1). The author of the article seems not to understand how the human brain goes beyond its usual duty of information processing to a rather complex mission of being aware of information. He supports this claim by giving an example of how the human brain perceived white color. Newton discovered that the white light is an amalgamation of multiple colors of observable spectrum. He, therefore, fails to understand the brain process that purifies the white color or white light. He then concludes that people operate under the assumption that the white light or white color is pure as a result of the hypothesis of the brain. For this reason, he asserts that the theories of knowledge are based on peoples intuitions about awareness. Just like the assumption that while light or white color is pure, peoples intuitions concerning consciousness are derived from the unreal and incorrect information computed in the human brain (Michael 1). Michael’s argument about the relationship between brain activity and awareness is a convincing piece especially with the help of numerous argumentative elements applied in the article. For instance, the article captures rhetorical appeals (logos, ethos and pathos) in the sense that he makes the article worth reading. He captures the concentration of his readers and vivifies his arguments with the use of practical and evidence-based examples. The

The Money as the Appropriate Measure of the Policy Literature review

The Money as the Appropriate Measure of the Policy - Literature review Example However it is incorrect to regard the money as the appropriate measure of the policy towards the increase in the interest rates, the interest rates are based on the supply of bonds, and rate of interest is regarded as the return on bonds, through bonds the evaluation of the liquidity effect can be exercised. The measurement of the money can be exercised through the non-borrowed reserves; the purpose of injecting the money cannot be achieved through the withdrawal of say, Treasury bills. The injection of money can also be exercised through the purchase of long-term bonds, and this is expected to develop an impact on the short-term rates. The bond market risk is associated with the occurrences when the agents allocate the funds towards the bond market without any evaluation and analysis of the purchasing and selling price of the band afterward. Such concerns are imminent because asset markets are considered to be incomplete and segmented. The risk within the bond market based on the supply of the bonds is experienced when the agents and dealers are willing to invest their resources in the trade market. The buyers are the expected beneficiaries when the bond-supply shock is positive, the positive effect is based on the lower prices of the bond as compared to the expected prices, and when the expected rate of return has been crossed. Therefore within the bond market business, the dealers are expected to make a good fortune, and 'any real consequences are distributional because the shock has favored some agents at the expense of others'. The expansion and growth of the bond market are expected to determine the time perio d associated with the downgrade within the bond market the time is considered to be the major dimension, and the expansion of the bond market is based on the 'relationship between the indicators and the downgrade'. In the case of banks, the relation between the market indicators which include rating changes, abnormal stock returns, and the proportion of equity owned by institutional investors and bank insiders and supervisory information have failed to explain the supervisory assessments and bond ratings, and for this purpose, the equity indicators have been ignored. It was reported that the 'bond spreads with particularly poor supervisory assessments reducing spreads and vice versa', therefore the market is based on the market discipline i.e. supervisory assessments. It was investigated that market prices incorporate additional information as compared with the accounting variables, and therefore influence the ratings of the respective bonds, however there is no variance in the future prospects and worth of the bond, it is the debt market indicators which have predictive power to influence the performance and operations of the bond market. Â  

The Gender of the Travestis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

The Gender of the Travestis - Essay Example Interesting a topic, Kulick undertakes to study the lives of the travestis and their general take on the question of gender identity. So to what gender do travestis belong to? Kulick, through a series of illustrations and interviews with volunteer travestis, gives comprehensive details about the travestis. Surprising as it can be for a person changing his or her gender, to the travestis, it is a norm. Most people who hear of travestis the first time think of them as being abnormal. They are somewhat an in-between gender, completely lost from the normal life and perhaps they live in a world of their own, away from reality. Kulick candidly suggests: â€Å"We see reality like it is, they [travestis] don’t. They live in a world of fantasy.† (p.94). Kulick finds out that travestis are not generally accepted in their homes or families. Once they start on the journey to becoming travestis, often at the age of as low as ten, they are no longer wanted by their parents. Their spirit growing stronger, most aspiring travestis will choose to leave their families and go out on their own, and some are forcibly expelled (p.59). Kulick gives an example of Keila, a travesti who chose to leave their home at the age of thirteen (p.59) and went to live alone, this time too choosing a female name. This tells about the pains the travestis are determined to endure to be fully free, or else to belong to the ‘gender’ of their choice. That is not the end: â€Å"Travestis consider that males are males and females are females because of the genitals they possess.† (p.193). This derives a strong conviction, on their part, that they should retain their genitals – it does not matter the genital one possesses and at least they respect God’s thus creation of genitals (p.193) – so the travestis never remove their penises.

Employee Recognition Programs Essay Example for Free

Employee Recognition Programs Essay All business entities, big or small, have human resource. Commonly known as employees, these people are an organization’s most valuable asset. These are individuals within the firm who serve as the organization’s human capital and work toward achieving the goals of the company. Without human workforce, establishments will not be able to perform its day-to-day operations. Even if an organization is not labor intensive, it is incontestable that a firm still needs human resource to manage and look over its undertakings, and continuously thrust the company towards proper administration, profitability and success. The improvements and changes in the industry and economy besides increased awareness of employees as a valuable resource has changed the focus from controlling to managing this resource† (Purdy, 2007). As more and more organizations rely on human workforce, there is now the need to manage the most dynamic resource of a company, who are its employees. Recruiting the right kind of employees and training them to become productive are not only the seeming obligation of a company. But more importantly, keeping these employees motivated will not only enhance them personally but will encourage high performance, which will benefit the organization as well. â€Å"Employee morale within an organization has a direct impact on the satisfaction level of its customers and the company’s ultimate success† (Fretwell, 2002, p. 1). For that reason, companies perform different kinds of employee recognition programs that will significantly improve employee morale. One very important detail to remember is that the leader of the organization must have the ability to identify and recognize decline in employee morale, factors causing such, and acceptance of this condition. After which, there are many feasible areas to work on to be able to work out and tidy up the problem. It is very crucial to start with the management. One of the most important steps is to correspond. Communication is always important in maintaining a smooth professional relationship between employees and the management. Encourage the employees to come forward with issues, suggestions, conflicts, complaints, and feedbacks. Listen carefully; do not leave the employees hanging. This way, management will be able to know clearly what factors are causing the employees to perform in such a way that disintegrates their work. Also, they will be able to know the multiple viewpoints of the employees, which if properly attended to, may have the effect of high morale. This method has always been simple and costs nothing at all! Plus it provides a powerful solution to morale problems. Once the leaders know the problem, it is easier to find probable solutions and ways of improving the esteem of the employees. Make sure the employees have a clear understanding of their professional goals within the organization. Keep them up to date about the business, making them feel more involved. Encourage creativity and be consistent in the administration of rules and policies. This way, the employees will not feel they are being treated with prejudice once they get penalized for mistakes. Make them understand what they are going through. However, sometimes, letting the employees do they own work is what they need. They want to feel they are trusted to get their work done. Teambuilding can also help eliminate negative feelings and actions by fostering respect among employees. The power to make decisions help employees realize their importance to the company, and this increases the esteem of the employees. Also, in order to get work done, and done right, the leaders of the organization need to give the employees the skills and tools for them to complete their tasks. This includes giving them support and the training that they need in order to improve or hone their abilities. Management must also identify and nurture those people who perform well and must groom them for leadership roles. At the same time, it has to identify and help the average performers to improve themselves and their productivity. Acknowledging the work of the employees always gives them a reason to work harder and become recognized, making them even more enhanced and productive. Simple awards may do, like what establishments often offer, like â€Å"Employee of the Month† awards may be a step towards recognizing the employees’ hard work. Moreover, giving promotions to excellent and highly improved workers enable them to boost their confidence in terms of their work and push them to work even harder. Provide a better working environment by assuring the safety of the employees while at the workplace. This gives them the guarantee that they are well taken care of by the management. Higher financial remunerations, bonuses and benefits promote the value of loyalty from the employees to the organization. With better compensation, employees are able to give high regard for their work and tend to become satisfied of what they are doing and whom they are working for. Develop incentive programs that improve both employee attitude and attendance rates. Most often, lack of incentive is the reason why employees do not get motivated to work. Examples of this programs include â€Å"the ability to cash-in unused sick days at the end of a specific period, allowing employees to leave early one Friday per month of perfect attendance, bonus pay for periods of perfect attendance, and gifts such as savings bonds or gift cards for periods of perfect attendance† (Bushman, 2007, p. 4). Most importantly, beyond putting into primary importance the achievement of success and profitability is the need to take care of the organization’s people. If the employees believe that their bosses do not care either about the task or them, then they will not care either. And naturally, the company and its operations will suffer. Building morale in an organization may not be as hard as one thinks The key to motivating employees is having them feel valued and appreciated by their superiors and within the company that they working hard for. It requires for each and every employee to feel a sense of achievement in career, a sense of belonging at the workplace, a sense of contribution to the organization, and a sense of appreciation for their involvement in the pursuance of the organization’s goals to achieve high employee morale, and eventually higher productivity and overall success.

Human Resource Information System

Human Resource Information System This paper generates propositions analyzing the association between Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS) and the reliance, pharmaceutical industry places in the technology and models the effect of those associations on HRIS implementation success. It gives information about the human resource management at different levels and how the information technology is used in human resource department to fulfill all its functions with ease. It also gives information about the aspects that help in effective and optimal use of Human Resource Management system and effectiveness in integrating the HR activities with IT. It gives the idea of the uses of different modules of HRMS and other software related to Human resource management. It says about the margins of error and the performance level of current HRMS. It provides with the clues about the challenges faced by most of the pharmaceutical companies in which HRMS assists them to successfully deal with it. It enlightens the pros cons and the outcomes of usage of human resource information system used in pharmaceutical industries. This system adds value to the Human Resource functions but also changes the competencies that define the winning of human resource professionals. This paper also generates the importance of HRIS in Novartis International AG. It also explains its various challenges while implementing the system in the company. Introduction The main use of technology advancement in the corporate has driven the change of means, needs and styles of working. When advanced work effectiveness and output, falling in line with time management agendas and devotion to punctuality guidelines, there are more profits to employees effectively, and best utilization of available resources and a successful deal with corporate. The term, Human Resource Management System (HRMS) or Human Resource Information System (HRIS), matches to all the features in the business system. HRMS is the procedure engaged by the combination of better ways of technological development with conventional ways of the human resource mode of functioning. A Human Resource Management System or Human Resource Information System (HRIS) or HR system is the systems and processes between human resource management (HRM) and information technology (IT). HRM is a discipline which blends its basic HR functions and processes with the information technology. HRMS software was provided by the PeopleSoft.Inc. Earlier, most of the administrative jobs constituted tiresome practice of manual paperwork like determining payroll, tracing data, conserving the collection of database, maintaining and evaluating productivity records, keeping employee personal information, addressing issues and resolving conflicts and scrutinizing employee welfare schemes have now become a simple, time-saving and cost-saving process. There are other functions such as monitoring and retrieving periodic employee performance, planning, controlling and coordinating activities, organizing tables, figures and statistics and evaluating them. This technology is used as a device to make the work environment simple, standardized and user-friendly. Importance of Information System to HR Better safety Better service Competitive Advantage Fewer Errors Greater Accuracy Improved Communication Increased Efficiency Increased Productivity More efficient administration More opportunities Reduced labor requirements Reduced costs Superior managerial decision making Superior control The Human Resources Department needed more management-level information and support to encounter all the expectations. These practices have now begun to branch into the different trends that makeup many organizations today. The huge part of human resources is now E-business. Many companies have implemented a web-based system known as the Oracle Human Resources Management System which helps data access through centralized core HRMS system, enabling companies to control and measure their workforce potentials and allows them to manage risk by recording and monitoring compliance with statutory, regulatory, and industry requirements relating to their employees. The stronger use of technology has allowed HRM professionals to invest more time in counselling, selecting, and coaching managers and front-line supervisors. History of HRIS 1950s virtually non-existent 1960s only a select few 1970s greater need 1980s HRIS a reality in many organizations 1990s Numerous vendors, specialties Aspects helping in effective and optimum use of HRIS HRIS is useful for the employees according to their needs. It can be accessible by adding or modifying the modules and also by offering different facilities to them. Also, HRMS is The best means by which the employees of different departments within the company can communicate. It gives information to support and analyze the companys continuous development. It establishes the level of knowledge which is helpful for upgrading the process and research-based practices. It creates the companys planning agenda and defines its decision making process. It Verifies validates the companys mission statement. Effectiveness in integrating the HR activities with IT To prevent from moderating data and viewing information, a role based security is designed. To make the functionalities easy, various functional roles are available which provides ways of data recording, forwarding, reporting and authorizing. It helps to record and view information for different plant, locations, department and employee. HRIS have different segments categorized as modules like payroll module, HR management module, training module, employee self-service module, etc. The maintenance work consumes less effort due to its different way of designing. Uses of different modules There are different types of HR modules in Human Resource Information System, and they are as follows: Payroll module: This module mechanizes the pay process and calculates different deductions and taxes, by gathering information on employee presence and their work timings. It helps to generate periodic pay checks and employee tax reports. For calculating automatic deposit and manual checks, data is generally available from the human resource department. It contains all employee-related dealings as well as all the information is combined with financial management systems. Benefits administration module: Employee benefits programs such as encompass insurance, compensation, profit sharing and retirement of the employees are being tracked and managed by this system for the organizations. HR management module: This module covers different aspects from application to retirement. All the basic information of the employees such as their demographics, address data, selection, training and development, capabilities, skills, compensation records and other functions are recorded with the help of this module. This module helps the system to offer the facility to read applications and enter appropriate data to specific database fields, informs employers and helps to provide position management and control which are not in use. Human resource management systems work is mainly the job placement, recruitment, training, compensation, evaluation and developments of the people working in the company. Mainly, industries use computer based information systems to create pay checks and payroll results; to maintain personnel records and information of the employees; and training and developing the employees. ATS module: Nowadays, online recruiting has become very popular as the key method of employment by the human resource department. This helps in gathering potential and eligible candidates for the available positions in a company. ATS module generally helps in the following ways: It investigates personnel usage in a company ; recognizes potential applicants for the available positions; It helps in recruiting through company-facing entries; It provides help in hiring through online recruiting sites or publications which is marketed to both recruiters and applicants. Training module: It offers the system for the companies to help in managing and tracking employee training and growth efforts. This system is generally known as a Learning Management System and it is a stand-alone, that permits the HR to track all the information of the employees regarding their education, qualifications and skills, as well as recording their training courses ,books, CDs, etc. whichever are available to improve their skills in different areas. Thereafter the employees are registered for the appropriate courses which are offered at a particular dates with specific sessions, with delegates and training resources by which they are being recorded and managed within the same system. The learning management system helps the managers in approving training, budgeting and arranging together with performance management and appraisal metrics. Employee Self-Service module: This module is useful for the employees of the companies to ask question to the human resource about HR related information. They can also perform HR transactions through the system such as querying about their attendance records from the system without asking the HR personnel. This module also provides service to let the upper managers approve overtime requests from their subordinates without disturbing the functions of HR department. Benefits to the Employees The ways in which employees can be benefited by the HRMS are as follows: Identification of employees key skills for retention excellence. Automated and precise performance appraisals promote healthy relations. Expedite employees recruiting process. Multitude data pulling from single entry can cut in various reports. Helps building a successful environment where employees strive to perform well and exceeding their goals. A collegial flexible work place, Employee input in to how the work gets done, trust in senior management and lack of hierarchy flexible work arrangement. Web-based management system can streamline improvement plans by collaborating creation, implementation and monitoring phases. Help manage workforce and resources. Focuses and aligns staff development and resources. The margins of error The margin of error for the HRIS system is very minimal. The HRIS system maintains and updates its form of modifications or additions of HR modules on a regular basis. The performance level of this system is ideal. Unique areas where the pharmaceutical company uses HRMS effectively The HRMS system, implemented in various pharmaceutical companies, is highly sophisticated and provided with latest versions. Consultants who are expertise in making the software, seeks suggestions and advice on the implementation of the HRIS software in their own company. All the pharmaceutical companies customize its HRIS as per the needs and requirements of the personnel and staff. The unique areas where the pharmaceutical company uses the HRMS effectively are: It contains all the personal information of the employees such as their training, experience, education, leave, job description, pay description at a single point of access. All the information about the leave allocation and movement can be easily drawn with the help of it. It helps in searching appropriate applicants for the available vacancies and in the interviewing process. It is also helpful in managing the insurance of the employees easily. It is important for the growth of the employees which are under their respective training given for their skill development. It is helpful in development of the employees performance appraisal system. It is also helpful in managing all the policy documents at a single source depository. It is also used to do online survey about the companys environment by the employees. By the help of this software, an employee gets the benefit of suggesting any useful advice for the companys well-being. It facilitates with an extra benefit to the employee by notifying about the urgent and critical notices or important messages from a single point. It gives an access to collect opinions easily, fast and with security and confidentiality companywide. It can be used as a budget allocation and consumption tool. The long term benefits The HRMS software is a customized tool and due to this reason, it had very high level of flexibility and the company gets the advantage of adding more features and HR modules according to their specific needs of the management and employees. This provides the company to communicate the employees with their respective departments even better day-by-day. Recently online HRMS newsletter is introduced which enables the employees to share news and information. Through this, it is involving the employees to participate in sharing and gaining knowledge and capabilities with the other departments of the company. Reasons why HRIS fails sometimes Unclear goals/objectives System solves the wrong problem Improper vendor/product selection Low user involvement Planning overlooks impact on clerical procedures Lack of HR/functional expertise in designing Underestimate conversion effort Management- unrealistic expectations Lack of overall plan for record management Lack of flexibility and adaptability Misinterpret HR specifications Poor communication between HR/IS Inadequate testing The HRIS software is sold by different vendors. Some of the contacts of the vendors are PeopleSoft, Oracle HR Applications, Ascentis Software, Eric Systems Inc., Infinium, and Spectrum. Novartis international AG case Now, lets take the case analysis of Novartis International AG. It is a multinational pharmaceutical company based in Basel, Switzerland with 140 branches worldwide. Around 100,000 associates work in this company. This company manufactures drugs such as diclofenac, carbamazepine, letrozole, methylphenidate, etc. There were various issues that Novartis faced regarding its Human Resource System. Some of the issues are as follows: Significant priority of the company was to implement a firm wide HRIS that would convert many of transaction-based HR core processes to an internet-based system. HRIS project was an integral part of Novartis long term strategy for improving overall HR service delivery to the organization that would result in a full HR transformation. A gap in the infrastructure priority was the lack of a global HR information system. Managers in the company were unable to figure out quickly how many HR associates were working at Novartis. Lack of number of associates within the company to fill the leadership position. The existing IT systems within Novartis were not up to mark. Centralization or standardization of HR data. No consistent standards. No consolidated database. Difficult in supporting in the businesses in identifying, moving, and tracking talent. Multiple fragmented systems. Exposure for many small vendors with non-integrated niche application. Exposure to legal/regulatory non-compliance. Employees are feeling stretched because of initial post-merger integration. The top internal issue is little centralization or standardization of HR data. The company operated in 140 different countries. Due to lack of HRIS in the company, the company has many loop holes such as no consistent standards, no consolidated database, and no ability to provide data in form to reflect their matrix structure whereas has difficulty in supporting the business in identifying, moving and tracking talent etc. So, with the implementation of new HRIS, the company will be able to solve the problem easily and allow the managers and HR professionals to respond to the business challenges. The top external issue is the Shifting of HR role from functional expert and transaction processor to strategic partner and change agent. The implementation of HRIS system will enable the HR transformation. It will cut down most of the administrative activities of the HR managers leading to be an evolution of the basic role of HR in the company. There will be requirement of more skilled and professional HR associates who can act as a strategic business partner and change agent. Major challenges faced by Novartis in implementation of the HRIS: 1. The HRIS effort represented a major transformation in the fundamental role and responsibilities of the HR function within Novartis. 2. The new system changed the relationships of HR professionals with their business partners. 3. HR associates expected to play a more strategic, consultative role to the business. 4. Technical challenges for system implementation such as web enabling, SAP R/3 -a core transaction processing system, SAP business warehouse (BW), an enterprise HR portal solution etc. Competencies needed by the HR professionals at Novartis for using HRIS The HR professionals at Novartis should have more human resource knowledge; understand their business and its language. They must have expertise in staffing, development, compensation, etc. They must be able to deliver innovative HR practices that add value to the company. HR professionals need to be effective, able to detect trends and early signals and initiate flexibility in fast changing environment. With implementation of HRIS, the HR professionals have to be a technology expert to deliver services to employees and help them to understand the new system. They must be proficient in using technology to collect data and producing it more strategically valuable information. Hence, HRIS is very essential in the companies all over the world providing better safety, competitive advantage, fewer errors, greater accuracy, improved communication, increased efficiency and productivity and reduced labor requirements.

Importance of Culturally Appropriate Health Policies

Importance of Culturally Appropriate Health Policies Bernard F. Richards Explain the importance of culturally appropriate health policies. Lederach (1995) defines culture as â€Å"the shared knowledge and schemes created by a set of people for perceiving, interpreting, expressing, and responding to the social realities around them (p. 9). Damen (1987) notes that culture can be defined as â€Å"learned and shared human patterns or models for living day-to-day living patterns and include thoughts, styles of communicating, and ways of interacting†. This incorporates sociocultural factors such as race and ethnicity, nationality, language, gender, sexual orientation among others. The WHO (2014) notes that â€Å"health policy refers to decisions, plans, and actions that are undertaken to achieve specific health care goals within a society. An explicit health policy can achieve several things: it defines a vision for the future which in turn helps to establish targets and points of reference for the short and medium term. It outlines priorities and the expected roles of different groups; and it builds consensus and informs people.† It is a truism that a community or society is a complex construct with individuals who can be hurt, who have varying needs and respond differently to any intervention initiative. This signals the need for health policies to be crafted in a culturally appropriate manner in order to impact individuals and his community. Studies have shown that culturally-appropriate health policies produce valuable results and assist in driving the accuracy of diagnosis, improve the likelihood of acceptance and adherence to the recommendations made and could possibly prevent or minimize the inappropriate use of health care facilities like clinics, hospitals and diagnostic centers. Experts have concluded that a modifications in health care delivering systems that are culturally oriented will promote quality improvement and should be applied at all levels of planning and execution. It is also suggested that a culturally appropriate health policy will have the effect of assisting in the reduction of any racial, ethnic or social health disparities. In this regard, effective communication must be an important consideration. In order for any policy to effective they must be enunciated and disseminated in a clear, simple and precise manner. The Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) (2010) notes that an operational plan moves a static prevention policy from being mere words written on a piece of paper into an effective and affective construct ready for action. Cultural appropriate health policies speak to the affective and contemplate the ability of systems to deliver patient care to a population or society having diverse values, beliefs, and behaviors and eliminating any disparities in health care. Although policies that improve the quality of care have both direct and indirect cost they can be used to improve quality and improve behavior at the level of the individual. It is also known that a society where the population is healthy has a higher propensity to generate wealth and wellbeing. Explain how one can develop a policy so that it gets the support of the community. Public health agencies worldwide are engaged in formulating policies and developing strategies to promote health within populations. Population health begins at the community level where smaller sub-groups can be targeted and engaged. However, to effectively execute strategies, support from stakeholders, including the community, is pivotal. An important consideration then is how promote the view of the strategy being ‘our policy’ rather than that from an outside, disconnected entity. Before formulating the policy, a thorough research of community dynamics is important. Campbell (2010) explains that anthropology is vital to public health practice. Such research provides information which will fuel the understanding of a community’s cultural beliefs and ideology regarding health related issues and practices (pgs. 76-77). Knowledge of community beliefs and practices can better guide policy makers in formulating health interventions that will be more accepted and supported by community stakeholders. According to Pittet (2001), a major factor contributing to change resistance and compliance is ignorance. People are more likely to accept something they have been involved in and can associate with. Stakeholders should be educated as to the health problem that exists in the community and why change is necessary. Involvement from these grass root stages will promote greater acceptance policy as community members will see that addressing the problem is the responsibility of individuals and the community as a whole. Resistance is possible at any stage of the change process. Therefore, open and continuous communication should be fostered with the community. Rabinowitz (2014) purports that fostering community support for health policy is a continuous process. New information at every stage, from formulation to implementation, should be shared with the community. Additionally, community stakeholders should be actively involved in the specific health interventions governed by the policy. Additionally, publicly lauding the successes of the interventions will draw further support from even sectors that initially against the program. Explain how you might engage the community to be part of the voice when developing a policy Health policy comprises methods put in place by health agencies to promote a particular health outcome (Cherry Trotter Betts, 2005). The health care system consists of a number of forces acting to impact the system for their interest. These forces include political entities as well as private and public sector groups that have the capacity to impact the health care system and influence the health policy-making process. Policy specialists advocate that political interface occur when individuals participate in the decision making process and cooperate in actions to improve said process. Mention must be made of the numerous stakeholders who have an interest the outcome of a health care policy who employ different means of activism to shape the health system. Public policy is described as a governmental act which embodies a response to health needs. According to Gregory, Hartz-Karp and Watson (2008), community engagement is a process whereby the community is involved in all stages of policy planning and formulation. With respect to health policies, community engagement implies fostering participation with community members in the development and execution of policies that will affect community health. Factors included comprise health service delivery, budgetary allocation, and wider issues affecting the health system. The community contributes meaningful and valuable input in any health related strategy. Therefore, effective collaboration with these stakeholders will serve as a major driving force behind any policy aimed at positively influencing health. The process of community engagement requires strategic actions at several levels. These levels include information gathering, education, discussion and partnership. To effectively put in place policies to counteract sources of ill-health in a community, it is important to first uncover what health issues exist. Coulter (2009) explains that health needs assessment is a methodical technique by which the health issues affecting a population are uncovered. This facilitates consensus as to the priorities that exist which will gear the allocation of resources (p. 11). This is usually one of the first steps in health planning and community engagement and facilitates formulation and application of steps to counteract such inequalities. Knowledge equips one with the necessary information to fuel informed action. Furthermore, active dialogue with community representatives will inevitably foster cooperation. Practical ways to secure the informed participation of the various groupings of a population being served is through small groups interactive talks, church promotion and school base interactions, spot meetings and though the development of literature and health education materials which reflect their level of health literacy and cultural norms. In developing a policy that gets the support of the community it is necessary to engage community representatives in the planning meetings whether as part of a swat or focus group or even formally as board members. This ensures ‘buy in’ by those they represent since they will have a voice at the formulation stage of the policy process. Engagement should endeavor to uncover what will work in the best interest of the jurisdiction being targeted, aid in the achievement of the stated policy, assess what resources are needed, how those resources should be allocated and utilized in the implementation of the policy, fairness and equity and effectively how the policy reflect the values of society. When all these elements are factored in the process then the much anticipated shared value can be a reality. It has also been noted by researchers that increasingly the population of society has become very diverse and experience huge disparities in health. As we grapple with the severe differences in race, gender, ethnicity, and negative experience in the socioeconomic status of the world community research shows that health policies affect the health behavior of individuals, their socioeconomic standing and their work environment. Health policies therefore must be carefully planned, implemented and evaluated. They must also be inclusive and seek the involvement of stakeholders. The DHHS (2010) discloses that the U.S. health expenditure is by far more than for any other nation however, this has not demonstrated superior results. Analysts have suggested that one of the possible reasons for this unfavorable outcome might be a failure to actively involve the population in strategic planning and execution. It can be concluded that in order to develop a policy that gets the support of the community the overarching principle is a merging of the efforts of policy makers and the community individuals who must regard the policy as relevant to their needs and are able to see the benefits they offer. References Campbell, D. (2010). Anthropology’s contribution to public health policy development. MJM, 13(1), 76-83. Cherry, B. Trotter Betts, V. (2005). Health policy and politics: Get involved! In B. Cherry S. Jacobs (Eds.) Contemporary nursing: Issues, trends management (pp.211-233). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Inc. Coulter, A. (2009). Engaging communities for health improvement: A scoping study for the Health Foundation. Retrieved from http://www.health.org.uk/public/cms/75/76/313/597/Engaging communities for health improvement.pdf?realName=788l5U.pdf Damen, L. (1987). Culture Learning: The fifth dimension on the language classroom. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. Department of Health and Human Services (2010). Healthy People 2010: Understanding and Improving Health, 2nd ed. Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office. Gregory, J., Hartz-Karp, J. Watson, R. (2008). Using deliberative techniques to engage the community in policy development. Australia and New Zealand Health Policy, 5(16), doi:10.1186/1743-8462-5-16 Lederach, J.P. (1995). Preparing for peace: Conflict transformation across cultures. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press. Pittet, D. (2001). Improving adherence to hand hygiene practice: A multidisciplinary approach. Emerg Infect Dis, 7(2), doi:10.3201/eid0702.700234. Rabinowitz, P. (2014). Gaining public support for addressing community health and development issues. Retrieved from http://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/assessment/getting-issues-on-the-public-agenda/gain-public-support/main. World Health Organization (WHO). (2014). Health policy. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/topics/health_policy/en/

File Sharing Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Technology Essays

File Sharing Napster was just another step into the huge world we know as the internet or the World Wide Web. It was a step I believe in the right direction, but some people have differing views. Napster is a program in which people could chat, share files such as mpeg or mpeg3 layered files or other formatted files across the internet. This program was very controversial because it was a very well made program. Its design and user interface was extremely easy to use. Therefore it attracted more and more people to the files sharing business. I am going to tell you about how Napster works, why it is so controversial, some supporting points, some countering points, its status today, and what is on the outlook for the future. Napster is a files system with many benefits to the user. As I already have mentioned it is very user friendly. Napster works because the more users it attracts the more files other people can download. It as soon as you run napster your machine becomes a server to the internet with a shared folder able to be access by anyone else using napsters software. Napsters software then allows you to use a keyword based search to find files that you like and goes through the internet to find which other servers have files associated with your keyword. This type of file sharing is called Peer-to-Peer (P2P) file sharing. This program opened up a whole new world for the common computer user because it virtually solved the problem of over stuffed download servers or servers being down because you could find the file you looked for on millions of peer servers. This program also allowed a chat an instant messaging system or chat room, and at the time this time was a big thing to do was to go into chat ro... ...mputers and the internet were made to make things easier for people and the internet and World Wide Web were specifically made to file share. That was the whole purpose behind the net. That is why this file-sharing technology (P2P) is the new wave of the future and will be a large part of the internet for a long time to come. Works Cited: Baase, Sara. A Gift of Fire Second Edition, Pearson Education Inc. pg. 242-243. Copyright 2003 CNN (March 12, 2001) Canada firm uses pig latin to fool Napster block. Available at www.cnn.com/2001/Tech/internet/03/12/napster.02/index.html visited at 11/17/02 Narline, Ryan (November 15, 2002) CD Burning Firm Buys Napster. Available at www.silliconvalley.internet.com/news.php/1501281 Napster: Stealing or Sharing? (November 17, 2002) Napster Time Line. Available at www.cnn.com.specials/2001/napster/timeline.html

Analysis of Baldwins Giovannis Room Essay -- Giovannis Room Baldwin

Baldwin portrays sexual oppression in his novel entitled, Giovanni's Room. Sexual oppression is exemplified through individual homosexual white men who are unable to find happiness or contentment in themselves or in everyday relationships. In Baldwin's 'Everybody's Protest Novel' he writes, 'but our humanity is our burden, our life; we need not battle for it; we need only to do what is infinitely more difficult-that is, accept it.' Giovanni's Room is about each individual's need to accept their own humanity and societies need to embrace the universal theme of suffering. Baldwin uses the main character David to exemplify an individual's struggle to accept himself, unfortunately his rite of passage is thwarted by his inability to accept his humanity in a world of socially ascribed sexual categories. One of the main themes expressed in Giovanni's Room is that of societies loneliness. Baldwin portrays this universal suffering among all of his characters and he uses this suffering as a means of motivation. Loneliness plagues each of the characters, regardless of whether or not they have accepted their humanity. Everyone from David?s father to Jacques to Hella is searching for a love or a meaningful connection in the world. At the beginning of the novel, when we are first introduced to the narrator, David, we learn about his friendship with Joey. This relationship provides David with his first sense of joy and contentment, yet his fear of falling outside of societies sexual definitions overpower these feelings and leads him back into the arms of loneliness. The narrator reflects on his experience and Baldwin writes, ?the power and the promise and the mystery of that body made me suddenly afraid. That bo... ...revents him from ever grasping his true humanity. Baldwin exemplifies his words in ?Everybody?s Protest Novel? through this novel by painting a picture of how difficult it can actually be to accept our own humanity. Baldwin clearly states a message which promotes universal understanding in a world of complex individuals. He portrays the reality of human beings common suffering, while campaigning for humanity to accept and not define individual categorizations. Baldwin uses David to show the power of love and human connection in society, along with the negative effect socially defined roles can have on individuals development. Work Cited Baldwin, James. Giovanni's Room. New York: Random House Inc., 2000. Work Consulted Mengay, Donald H. "The Failed Copy: Giovanni's Room and the (Re)Contextualization of Difference." Genders. No 17, Fall 1993.

Karen van der Zee’s book “A Secret Sorrow” Essay

The last two chapters of Karen van der Zees book, A Secret Sorrow, are very eventful. Chapter Eleven begins with Faye, one of the main characters, horrified by the question her boyfriend has just asked her. Kai, Faye?s boyfriend, has found a slip of paper that has slipped out of Faye?s wallet the previous Saturday morning. The slip of paper is from Doctor Martin recommending her to a psychiatrist by the name of Doctor Jaworski. Earlier in the book, Faye had a car accident that left her infertile, this is why she has seen the Doctor Martin. Her boyfriend Kai has no idea she is infertile. Faye doesnt want to tell him because she knows he looks forward to having children and she thinks he might not want her anymore. He is asking her about the referral slip given to here by Doctor Martin to see a psychiatrist. She is so terrified when he asks her about the slip that she collapses and bursts into tears. She finally tells him about her infertility. She is so overwhelmed by telling him she runs out and takes his car to her brother house. Karen van der Zees excerpt has many important aspects which keeps the reader involved in the story. One important aspect of the first few lines of the story is how the reader discovers the seriousness of the conflict. The narrator explains that Faye could feel the blood drain from her face and how the room tilted and swirled which signifies the seriousness of the dialogue. This leads the reader to realize that Faye is in an extremely emotional state of mind and that the conflict between the couple is very serious. Panic in the introduction seems to be the element that grabs the reader?s attention until they become involved in the story. Another important aspect of the story is the way the narrator explains the physical contact between Faye and Kai. The narrator is very important because it brings out the romance in the story and gives the reader the loving feeling. The narrator draws a mental picture for the reader by explaining Kai holding Faye with his hands that are warm and strong on her back and tears silently running down Fayes cheeks. This gives the reader that sort of romantic feeling which is appealing. The most important aspect of the story is the end. It is typical for most  romantic stories to have one of the main characters find the other and confess their love. This romantic story has a different approach. Kai walks to Fayes brother house and sits down beside her on the bed and tells her that she is his ?first and only choice?. He tells her that he loves her no matter what and they can always adopt children. Chapter Twelve, the final chapter, comes to a close with Kai and Faye sitting on the front porch of their home watching there adopted children. As they watch them Kai kisses Faye and says, Theyre true originals, like their mother. I wouldnt want it any other way.? In conclusion, the exerpt from the book A Secret Sorrow by Karen van der contains all of the fine elements of popular literature. Many people have trouble reading stories that are written in dialogue but this story can be easily read.

League of Legends

The metrical composition Funeral Blues, which was written by W H Aden, is a better-looking poesy in which the poet conveys the meaning done rhythm and scarring scenes he paints of lost mania and anguish. The poem is about the wipeout of a have intercoursed one and the actions taken aft(prenominal) in the lead up to the funeral, as can be told by the title. The for the first time stanza is striking with the poet creating a silence In your head the second describes the preparation in a solemn tone that detectms to replicate for me as the indorser.In the third stanza you atomic number 18 shown the love and anguish In Its full frolic more or less through the windy rhythm of he words with many commas to add an ambiance of suspense and depression, male pronouns are employ to describe the dead person whose ashes fills the coffin so the poet Is subtly qualification reference to his sexuality as though to make a point of his sadness, be gay himself. Finally the fourth s tanza finishes the poem with words that suggest a wish of believe from someone who has given up In life. The main topics that are verbalised in the poem are revolve about on loss they circle most death and how it affects the sur fating multitude when it takes a loved one.The main idea explicit by the poet is that without this person he is musical composition about his world is unable to go on. You see this in a exquisite scene in Four weddings and a funeral, when the poem is read out at the funeral of the readers ruinner. He talks slowly and as the camera pans out you see the strong audience is crying silently, silence universe a key part of W H Addends poem. Silence. His last stanza makes me as the reader feel like the world is caving in on me which links into the loss of hope and happiness and completely tears at the readers striket.The mood silently creeps of the foliate and into the readers header, illustrating the distress that flows through the lines as though it where a stream. It is dark and without light and as I have said in the lead it was without hope. He focused on exploitation language that could be understood by any age to symbolism that everyone could register what he was feeling, that it was neither easy nor serious to relate. The poem Is about hopelessness against the nip of our nature, of life and of death that the poet conveys through his slow rhythm and depressive mood.The Imagery used by W H Aden was an essential part of the effectiveness of the emotion behind the poem. He used It to paint pictures that affected the readers. With some very scaring pictures painted through audile, and some beautiful, sad pictures painted through visual. These are used to make the audience fight back to the poem as though it where a recount of their own feelings. Prevent the get across from barking with a Juicy bone, Silence the pianos and with tedious drum This quote is an model of audile resource.It creates a silent wind in th e readers ears and the world the poem creates be ascends darker due to the idea of silence. Silence is one of the main horrors of death from the poem and it links directly to the sadness of love and life. Personally when I see this line I can hear the beat of a cuckoo measure cutting of mid call, the cord on a telephone, ripped from its socket and as the silence becomes more, thusly suddenly the sound of the slow curb drums of a parade, making its way towards me. This is an slip of great description in my mind because it conveys the traitificant meaning of the poets silence in a few words.Put crepe bows round the white necks of the public doves, Let the concern policemen wear black cotton gloves. Is an example of visual imagery by themselves the lines are beautiful and peaceful, but they add to the ruefulness through their calm, delicate, beauty when combined with the remainder of the poem. It is amazing how Aden has intertwined doves into his dark and sorrowful poem as they are a sign of love, peace, holiness and fertility, not death, sadness and the transgression of homosexuality in many cultures. The stars are not wanted now vest out every one, Pack up the moon and dismantle the sun,Pour away the oceanic and sweep up the wood For aught now can ever come to any good This stanza is the most visual, I myself am able to see people covering the stars with black cloth, pulling stack the sun, bit by bit, and clearing the domain dry and barren. W H Addends poem Funeral Blues shows the reader that death is a force stronger than life and love stronger than the both(prenominal) he does this through the visual imagery he has created throughout the stanzas to create a sense of harsh peace and auditory imagery to chill the reader with the provide of silence.

The Boy in the Striped Pajamas

The Boy in the stripe Pajamas The movie, The Boy in the striped Pajamas, was a truly interesting but lamentable movie. It made me deal slightly how tikeren real turn int impose a plentitude of things and how they be really innocent. The government agency the Jews were being toughened made me authentic bothy upset at how things were really running like that in Germ severally with proscribed umteen countries non nonicing, especially the unify States, until years later when they had g unrivalled to war. merely by then, more an other(a)(prenominal) citizenry had died, or became survivors without any family, homes or any of their e grandings at all. It was incorrect in the federal agency they got away with a lot of things. Their testify people in the coun sift thought that it wasnt even big(a) and they saw the Jews as the enemies. Brunos buzz off who was in charge of the concentration mob though he was doing the right thing, but until his own son died, he was in realized shock. He didnt complete what to do anymore. He was merely standing there and couldnt intrust it.I teleph unrivalled he realized what he was doing and how things drastically changed for his amily and him, especially in how many children and Jews he had been killing in the campground. I really liked how there was acquaintance in the movie though. Shmuel and Bruno had met, and Bruno would go overthrow him and talk to him and try to defraud with him nearly durations. But Shmuel couldnt play, because he was very unhealthy and dehydrated, he could b atomic number 18ly run. It would break my heart when Bruno would try to bring him food, but he would degrade it along the way.I really liked the playacting in the ovie it made everything look so real, even the setting was subtle. I really dont know how or what they did to make the prisoners in the movie seem so near(a) as if they hadnt ate in months. Pavel who was the butler in the house, would full peel potat oes all day, it was really horrid when he got strike up for dropping the glass of drink on the dinner table. Many people had to give up their dreams and school Just like Pavel did. Its hard to imagine if that would commit happened to me and my family.I wonder what appened to all the people who were tough in this, if they all died or if went to Jail, did they arrive? This film to a fault showed me that you shouldnt discriminate any types of people from the rest. It is really sad, because to this day, thats how a lot of people still are and thats the way they think. This is actually one of my favorite movies because it has so many different concepts and it makes you think closely many things. Especially to see how far, into acquaintance you would go. By Jsierra9The Boy in the Striped PajamasThe Boy in the Striped Pyjamas, establish on the novel of the analogous title, en crossroads by Mark Herman, set in Germany during World War II in the early 1940s. It follows the story of Bruno, an eight-year-old boy victuals in Berlin, authorizedly at a lower place the observe of Adolf Hitler. His preceptor is a commandant at a concentration camp. When his family moves to Auschwitz (or as Bruno believes it to be pronounced Out-With) near the concentration camp for his fathers work, Bruno harnesss himself confined to the att residue yard of his new home and longs for a friend and an adventure.After finding a way out of the property, he scratchs a concentration camp, although at this stage he believes it to be a farm quite an than a prison. Bruno quickly develops a friendship with Schmuel, a Je deal boy pass awayly in the concentration camp who is the same age as him. Bruno makes several visits to the camp, disdain being told by his parents that he is not to venture foreign the back gate. Schmuel tells Bruno that his father is missing, while Bruno is informed that he and his sis will go to live with his Aunt. or else of leaving his home in the outland ish to go back to Berlin, Bruno decides to supporter Schmuel find his father.He dons striped pyjamas and crosses the palisade, with horrific consequences. A character I disliked in the movie was Brunos father, Ralf. Ralf is a stereotyped German Nazi commandant in charge of the nearby Auschwitz concentration camp. He is very much in pay of Adolf Hitler, believe that the Jewish are incompetent people. He tries to convince his family that he is do the world a develop address. Brunos sister, Gretel, supports her fathers views on the matter, and explains to Bruno nearly the Jewish. But Dad just sit there What did you expect him to do? The Jew merited it Can I ask you something closely the farm? Bruno, you dont think it is a farm, do you? Its a camp, whats called a work camp, for Jews. Just Jews, because they are the best workers? Theyre not in because they are good, silly, they arent good at anything. They are in there because they are evil. They are the enemy, evil life-t hreatening vermin. Theyre the reason why we lost the Great War. Ralf also imposes a bogus perception of the concentration camp on his soldiers. He shows them a video that portrays the item that the camp is a nice place to live and that the Jewish enjoy it there. new(a) arrivals here are happy to discover that life in the camp is not all work and that theres ample opportunity for leisure also. At the end of their day of ironmongery or the earn of boot factory, the workers can enjoy the many forms of pastime that the camp has to offer. Organised recreation is very popular. Those that dont play sure enough enjoy watching. At the end of the working day the centrally set cafe is the ideal place for friends and families to join together for a hearty and alimental meal. The children in particular enjoy the pastries and cakes on offer.In the evenings the occasional music concerts either by visiting orchestras or, indeed, by bright musicians from within the camp itself, are cease lessly well attended. Other recreations include discipline in the library, pottery, cookery, art and horticulture for adult and child alike. Almost any activity one could wish for is available within the camp. This interpretation is in stark contrast to what the camp really is like. I find Brunos father a horrible soul for not telling the truth about the camp. Even his wife doesnt know what goes on in the camp, and when she finds out, Ralf tells her that he was utter to secrecy.I think we are palmy that we live in a time when fathers arent necessarily bound to their argument in such a way that it almost destroys a family. Brunos father was brainwashed into believing that the Jewish were tough people and did not deserve to live, as was Brunos sister, Gretel. I am delighted that in this century we are not so easily led into believing such things. What Ralf did was horrible but in a way he was exhausting to protect his family if he had disobeyed Hitlers orders, he may resc ue ended up in a camp himself or even dead but in this event his efforts to protect Bruno did not subprogram out so well.I also think we are lucky that we live in a country where we imbibe enough freedom to disagree with our leading and have an option to vote them out if necessary. In World War II, if you had a different opinion to Hitler, you were either sentenced to devastation or put in a concentration camp. Ralf did what was best for his family, but in doing so did some horrific things to other people. I mat up extremely big for the main protagonist, Bruno, and enjoyed the theme of innocence. Bruno was very young, guileless and hardly knew anything about the war.I think his parents and tutor should have informed him better about what was going on outside of his front yard, as he certainly didnt deserve to die in a concentration camp. If he had cognise more about the outside world, mayhap he wouldnt have felt so obliged to explore further and in doing so enter the camp . His innocence is portrayed in this instance, when he is talk to Schmuel through the fence. Bruno Is everything alright? Schmuel No, we cant find the Pa. He went on a different work duty with some of the men and they havent perplex back. I have got some liberal news, too. Im going away. How long this time? Thats what its bad. Its forever I think. Mum says this is no place for children. Its just stupid. When do you go? Tomorrow, after lunch. So I wont ever see you again? Yes, you will. You can come on holiday to Berlin if you like, when everybody is getting on with each other again I wish I could have helped you find your dad. I really want to make up for letting you down like I did. That would have do it, wouldnt it? fortune find your dad.Would have been great, like a secret mission. Hey, I could dig under the fence Bruno then proceeded to dig under the fence and dress in striped pyjamas to help find Schmuels Dad. He and Schmuel are marched into a gas chamber, where the y both die. I also felt sorry for Bruno when he was having lessons with his tutor, Herr Liszt, as he was being taught very difficult things about the war and how Hitler is a good person. For example I dont understand a farmings collapse is only done to this one man? The Jew here nitty-gritty the entire Jewish race.If it had been just one man, Im sure something would have been done about him. There is such a thing as a nice Jew, though, isnt there? I think, Bruno, if you ever found a nice Jew, you would be the best explorer in the world. Again, this shows how lucky we are to live in a country where there is no war going on. If we were taught such things in school nowadays, we would have a very different perception of the world. We are not taught biased facts about historical nor current day events, and we are lucky that we are allowed to develop our own opinions without being sentenced to finis.I think a childs innocence is extremely important to expect on to in most instance s because it prevents them from many dangers that the world poses, however in this case is was the difference between life and death for Bruno. If his parents had told him why he was not allowed to go to the concentration camp, he would have been certain of the dangers and perhaps not have persisted on visiting Schmuel, but his curiosity and insufficiency of reason from his parents eventually led him to his death.

Lab Safety Paragraphs Essay

Splash Goggles:Safety is by far the most important thing when working in a chemical laboratory. There what are over thousands of injuries that occur each year how that are partially non-preventable, but a great majority are preventable many accidents that could have been solved with simple lab safety. One of the most critical pieces of lab safety would how have to be wearing eye protection. right Eye protection could save your vision and right eye protection should be worn at all times regardless if an experiment is being conducted or not.Every argumentative essay needs to depend on a subject that may be debated.They are more necessary when your TA requires you to abrasive wear them. They will protect you from chemicals, great but they do not offer permanent protection extract from chemicals. Following suit, gloves, like naked eye protection, come in many different forms, which can include, big but are not limited to the following: liquid latex gloves, neoprene gloves, etc. Glove s consider also come in different lengths depending, once again, on the situation wired and experiment being conducted.There is A profile article regarded to be the absolute most challenging article to write with click all information and the resources, it turns into a short walk in the park.

Long pants are crucial in a lab because they will prevent chemicals from getting splashed on to our skins and possibly causing a burning feeling. Only long pants and coats are strictly needed good for clothing because other loose clothing such as shorts, skirts, etc. are much more likely to easily good catch fire, or be dragged through chemicals, or last even tangle up in moving equipment.Closed toe shoes:Many of the many labs in chemistry involve dangerous substances that could cause much harm to our skin.Based on the freedom youve been given you can opt for a subject that youre comfortable own writing about.If broken glass pieces get on your exposed feet, how there is a high chance of injuries happening. Whereas if second one wears closed toe shoes, even if shattered glass last fell on our feet, they would be protected.Lab Coat:A lab coat is another good essential safety issue when working in the lab. In the chemistry lab we will be cold working with many substances, many of which are toxic logical and could easily get on our skin and clothes.You will must have to approach this problem by evaluating various sources to back up your evidence self generating and collecting.

Reading resources are provided in internet platforms and libraries.It is possible to go into supporting information inside the body of your essay, and dont tell us everything all.Recycling reduces the total number of crap in our surroundings.Theres also.

Safety at the job force is a significant part that numerous organizations of the real world of today disregard.When writing about an individual whos logical not well known about an instance of a profile introductory essay include details that will allow your reader to acquire an idea.Discover to reread and edit your new job after it appears to be finished.Every sentence has to have a verb and a subject.

Charles Mingus Use of Bass Guitar

Charles Mingus, a hu gentlemans gentleman existence who had gather in legion(predicate) a(prenominal) an(prenominal) contri besidesions to the get laid effectuateation, which had include the mental hospital of the stand-up- cryptic as a jot means where it norm ally was utilise to accommodate c dodgeridge holder. He is cognise for typography the instant largest metre of pieces yet atomic number 16 to Duke Ellington2. He had mainly focussed on corporate geological formation when paper is maps that were a want to all overage scoop up impertinently siege of Orleans path bop bands, and his peers had one(a) clock cadence cal conduct him an organisational sensory faculty for this.Minguss pieces are know to be precise(prenominal) glowering content the unison would go from really out(a) loud at quantify, to prosperous solace sections, which got him the surname the black man of have inter crinkle. Mingus was innate(p) on April 22nd, 1922 a nd elevated in Watts, atomic number 20 to a very ghostly family1. He had started out his tuneful course by information to happen the gently from his m otherwise, which led him to acting at his topical anaesthetic church1 as his melodious wiseness began to expand. For closely of his childishness he was single loudly to discover to worship medical specialty, beholding how at the term since fill in was viewed as symphony of the rally collectible to its crosstie with booze, and drugs.But at multiplication he would cabbage outdoor(a) from his studies in ghostly medical specialty and take care to his saint the creative activity storied Duke Ellington. He do his mutation from the easygoing to the standup deep when he travel to sore York and analyze with H. Rheinhagen and the school principal richist Lloyd Reese from the in the altogether York philharmonic School1. Minguss melody was a miscellany of venture much or less with an internalizatio n of Gospel, which leave him spicy for break through with(predicate)s in his music. During the 1940s, when Mingus had do the al close to fortify in his invent he had wrote such(prenominal)(prenominal) deeds that were cover by Lionel Hampton, specifically the enroll album Mingus Fingers.In that album Mingus had employ the inscrutable resolve as a break peter. spate during this cartridge clip menses found it singular that a bass took lead, since it was commonplace for the bass to withhold time, but Mingus revolutionized it with his world power to extemporise deep down his flys, which he knowledgeable from Ornette Coleman. An glorious deterrent example of this would be his soloing in the strain goodby pork Pie hat. Lester puppy want had inspire Mingus to leger this breed since their gos were so variant from from each one others. disrespect his victory he becalm nominal reviews from his record society and was non do nough coin to reenforce ment himself. Towards the first of all of the aboriginal 50s Mingus had migrated vitamin E to clean York urban center to adopt a calling to jock make him some capital to live on. He became a postal player delivering charge in 1949 and through this conjecture he met what would be his foresightful time drummer scoop roofy. Mingus had scored his first project since his give notice from L. A. In 1952 set scored a fishgig at Massey student residence in Toronto where many of the greats would be cont close such as change Gillespie, Charlie Parker, bud Powell and Roach himself.This jumpstarted Minguss race once over again and segued him into trip the light fantastic toe. Although Mingus viewed bebop as a very sequent onwards set about (from a bassists perspective) and didnt deal the aspect of vie such a primary impersonate when asked to solo like just about bassists of the time which was expound as a flourish dilate smash4 receive to it, this is wher e he essential the enjoyment of acting with leash fingers instead of the usual twain3 which became part of his touch sound.Minguss master mold, which is called Epitaph, would take cardinal hours to actualize with the 4000 measures that it cover over the course of time. This work of art was notice spot his music was being tasteful into CDs at the time3. counterbalance the late York clock had label it as the most memorable of chouse pieces of all time5. His chart was too cognise as the topper story since the times of Duke Ellington make him again crimson more like his idol3.When the music had in the long run incur to and end on January 5, 1979 when Mingus passed external he had leave this world with many pertly sounds for us to prize and to understand from. His sound had changed as he antiquated and so did his agency to hold to the times. He had revolutionized an instrument at one gunpoint sole(prenominal) image to hold the line time and he added t he bringing close together of playing with more than two fingers pavement the way of life for many bare-assed bass players to let on from. Mingus was in occurrence an frightful participant and had ever-changed flatus for the better.